Girder end twist in straight skewed steel girder bridges presents significant challenges during bridge erection. The amount of twist at the end of a skewed girder is difficult to predict yet must be accounted for in erection planning to facilitate the fit-up of end cross frames and to achieve a vertical web under the specified loading condition. Through the use of large scale laboratory experiments this paper investigates the sources of end twist including skew and stability effects. The causes of end twist restraint are considered including the stiffness of the end cross frames and tipping restraint provided by the bearing.
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