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Physical and Numerical Issues in the Prediction of Free Wake Hover Performance

机译:自由唤醒悬停性能预测中的物理和数值问题

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This paper concerns the persistent difficulty in predicting hover performance to a level of accuracy required for engineering analysis and design. The method used is a hybrid employing a standard RANS solver for the blade and an Eulerian potential flow solver with an embedded Lagrangian wake. The hybrid nature of the solver makes it possible to separately investigate wake and near-blade viscous effects. It was found that grid density changes in the wake solver lead to small changes in wake solutions, which in turn lead to more significant effects on computed rotor performance. This grid dependence of the wake solution was significantly reduced by slightly increasing the numerical core size of the embedded vortical wake. This increased core size was purely for numerical reasons, and had no physical effect on the self-induced convection velocities of the wake vortices. With the hybrid solution being grid independent, comparison with the model UH-60 performance data of Lorber et al is promising. However, computed wake trajectories are closer to the blade than in the data. Because the solutions are now grid independent, this inconsistency must result either from some physical modeling errors, or, equally likely, some physical features of the test that are not currently well understood.
机译:本文涉及在将悬停性能预测到工程分析和设计所需的准确性水平时遇到的持续困难。所使用的方法是采用标准RANS求解器的叶片和具有嵌入式拉格朗日尾流的欧拉势流求解器的混合方法。求解器具有混合特性,因此可以分别研究尾流和近叶片的粘滞效应。已经发现,尾流求解器中的网格密度变化会导致尾流解的微小变化,进而对计算出的转子性能产生更大的影响。通过稍微增加嵌入式涡旋尾流的数值核心尺寸,可以显着降低尾流解的网格依赖性。这种增加的核心尺寸纯粹是出于数值原因,对尾流涡流的自感应对流速度没有物理影响。由于混合解决方案与电网无关,因此与Lorber等人的UH-60模型性能数据进行比较是有希望的。但是,计算出的尾流轨迹比数据中的更靠近叶片。因为解决方案现在是与网格无关的,所以这种不一致必须是由于某些物理建模错误,或者同样有可能是由于当前尚不十分了解的测试的某些物理特征所致。

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