Heat Reform in Tianjin China

摘要

Heating was welfare for employee of State-owned enterprises in period of planned economy in China.The system did not suit the current market oriented economy.The current indoor heating system carried major efficiency penalties,and consumers had no means to control their heat supply.Heat reform was the only way to adapt the heat company to the current economy.The basic goal of the reform was to make heat a commodity-creating a market mechanism to enable consumers to be able to control how much they consume,and pay according to actual consumption.This paper gave a detailed description of the heat reform in Tianjin,which was the first large city in China to embark on heat reform in 2000.The responsibility for heat bill payment was transferred from the State-owned enterprises to the heat consumer.Control valves and radiator by-pass pipes were added in the retrofit for the heating system.And a two-part tariff was used.The results of the reform were discussed.The paper concluded with some thoughts of the reform.