Spatial Autocorrelation and Random Effects in Digitizing Error

摘要

The volume of georeferenced data that have involved manual digitizing suggests that error associated with this process merits a more thorough analysis,especially given recent advances in conventional and spatial statistical methodology. Spatial filtering and mixed modeling techniques are used to analyze manual digitizing outcomes of an experiment involving Hill's famous drumlins data of Northern Ireland. Findings include: (a) spatial autocorrelation plays an important role,and (b) a random effects term accounts for a nontrivial amount of variability.