TOPKAPI Model and Its Application of Flood Early Warning and Forecasting in China

摘要

TOPKAPI (tographic kinematic approximation and integration) model is a distributed hydro logical model with physical mechanism developed by Prof. Ezio Todiniin and his team in Italy at the beginning of the 21st century. It can fully consider the spatial variability of rainfall, topography, vegetation, soil, and other factors. The TOPKAPI model is simple in structure and in parameter composition, so it has great advantages in real-time flood forecasting in river basins. On the basis of introducing the basic principle and structure characteristics of the TOPKAPI model, this paper explains the terrain data, hydro-meteorological data, soil, land use, and other data needed for the application of TOPKAPI model and the acquisition ways or approaches of the data. Then it analyzes the application of TOPKAPI model in the world, especially the application of flood forecasting in China. Finally, the TOPKAPI model is compared with TOPMODEL model, SWAT model, and lumped Xin'anjiang model. It points out that TOPKAPI model has great application potential in real-time flood forecasting, but it is inadequate in the areas where human activities are intense. It is necessary to combine other methods or models to improve the simulation process and the simulation effect, and it is also need to develop concurrent application versions of the network to meet the need of real-time flood forecasting of some departments at the same time. The research results may provide some reference for the improvement of TOPKAPI model and its application and popularization in real-time flood early warning and forecasting in China.