ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITS FOR ROUTES IN OPERATION. APPLICATION TO THE CASE IN HAVANA, CUBA

摘要

Many countries around the world have been trying to implement legal instruments of policy and political character in order to achieve certain levels of environmental quality and minimize the impacts of transport. Specific quantitative goals have been adopted, as well as increasingly stringent environmental standards have been established. Among the instruments of control for existing organizations, environmental audit according to the ISO 19011 Series of Standards, presents a narrow definition, because it is defined as "audit of environmental management system". There are also audits of compliance with the environmental legislation that audited the environmental regulations related to processes. The serious environmental problems that generate routes in operation must be evaluated with instruments that are more dynamic. The objective of this work is to propose the environmental audit to routes in operation with a new approach, to establish the factors of the environment that should be considered and to define the indicators that assess the main impacts and environmental risks of transport operations, differentiated according to the category of the route. We present the audit protocol used for urban roads and highways and the results of its application to the case of 14 routes of different categories in Havana, Cuba.