CO2 Energized Hydrocarbon FracturingFluid: History and Field Application in TightWells in the Rock Creek Oil, Dunvegan,Glauconite and Belly River Gas Formations

摘要

Gelled hydrocarbon has been used as a fracturing fluidfrom the early days of fracturing. Its use internationally hasbeen prevalent; and continues to the present day in Canada,South America, Russia and East Asia. The paper will discussthe use of gelled oil fluids in Canada, particularly in lowpressuretight gas wells, where the use of CO2 energized gelledhydrocarbon fluids have been very successful. The chemistry ofthese fluids and their application is discussed. The energizedfluids have been used varied formations with permeabilitiesfrom 0.1 mD to 10 D, depths in excess of 3000 m and BHT from10 to 110 °C. Initial and longer-term production data fromwells treated with the energized fluid will be compared to wellstreated with conventional gelled hydrocarbon fluids to show theeffectiveness of the system in tight gas applications.The case study will include wells treated and producingfrom the Rock Creek oil, Dunvegan, Glauconite and Belly Rivergas formations in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin(WCSB). Observations on proppant selection and in-situ closure stress are made in addition to the fracturing fluidselection.