WATER QUALITY AND WATER TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR RECYCLE/REUSE WATERS IN INDUSTRIAL AND UTILITY PLANTS

摘要

Various industrial plants and power plants have been successfully using reclaimed sanitary wastewater as cooling tower and boiler make-up water, firewater, and general utility water. Reclaimed water offers significant water and energy cost benefits as well as the reliability of supply required from the users' perspective. There are several factors, which affect the potential for economic benefits from reclaimed water. One factor is the quality of the recycled water. Reclaimed water contains some minerals, which require chemical treatment, such as Ph control and inhibitors to prevent corrosion and mineral scales. Another factor comprises the indigenous minerals, which are corrosion inhibitor components. These factors along with conventional chemical treatments help to maintain maximum efficiency and to prolong the useful life span or cooling systems. This report presents typical examples of reclaimed water and potable water quality and discusses: water quality characteristics, control methods, water conditioning processes, including micro-filtration, reverse osmosis, ion exchange and chemical softening, and water quality monitoring.