The objective of this research is to identify the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic conditions at which negatively buoyant, consolidated CO_2 hydrate particles are generated. This will be useful in developing the technology for CO_2 hydrate ocean carbon sequestration. Formation of CO_2 hydrate was investigated using a coflow reactor in a 70-L high-pressure vessel to test a scaled-up continuous-jet hydrate reactor (CJHR) that was developed based on previous research. The CJHR consisted of a single capillary or an array of multiple capillaries used to disperse liquid CO_2 in water or water in liquid CO_2. Several capillary sizes and configurations were tested in both distilled and saline water. The scaleup design increases CO_2 injection from ≤0.25 L/min to ≤3.00 L/min. Data were obtained at different CO_2 and water flow rates and for pressures and temperatures equivalent to intermediate ocean depths. Although negatively buoyant particles were effectively formed for distilled and saline water, the physical and hydrodynamic characteristics of the product depended heavily on the geometric configuration and flow rate conditions of the reactor.
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