It is known that several modes exist in hollowcathode operation, e.g. the plume, spot and beammode. Another mode, "diffuse mode", was discoveredand researched in TMIT study. In this mode, theplasma forms intense luminescence in not only thevolume between electrodes but also the whole regionin space chamber. This mode depends critically onthe current drawn from the cathode, the cathode- anodedistance and the propellant flow rate. And thismode is generated only on the conditions restricted inthese three parameters. The case of higher propellantflow rate and longer distance between electrodescauses diffuse mode in lower discharge voltage. Inaddition, the influence of the cathode-anode distanceand the tip-keeper distance on the region of the eachmodes, was investigated.
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