Many difficult-to-handle steels and non-ferrous alloys have narrow processing windows, which create forging problems. How to forge new alloys and especially those difficult alloys, becomes essential in obtaining better products and higher yields. For example, some stainless steels must be heated and soaked very carfully to avoid thermal shock and cracking, while in other alloys, heat loss must be minimized during forging to prevent steep thermal gradients on the surface due to die chilling. Physical simulation of both heating and forging processes in a laboratory can overcome difficulties in industrial tials, and can tell the forging shop exactly how to heat and forge difficult alloys.
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