Interest in mathematical modeling of head injury started in the 1960's. King and Chou (1976), in a comprehensive review of mathematical modeling in biomechanics, pointed out that 25 head injury models were developed in the period of 1966-1974. Most of these models assumed the head/brain complex to be a fluid filled shell. Recently Zhou et al. (1995) developed an anatomically accurate 3-D finite element model of a 50~(th) percentile human bead. The model consisted of scalp, skull, dura, falx, tentorium, pia, CSF, venous sinuses, ventricles, cerebrum (gray and white matter), cerebellum, brain stem and parasagital bridging veins. The coup/contrecoup pressure time history obtained from one out of the eight experiments performed by Nahum et al. (1977) was used to validate the model.
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