Trends of Comprehensive Use of Heavy Crudes and Tar Sands: Review of Studies Carried Out in Former Soviet Union and Russia

摘要

The history of finding and using heavy crudes (HC) and tar sands (TS) for economic purposes is associated, as in the whole world, with their showings on the earth surface and goes far in the past. At a new level the tasks of prospecting, production, and refining of HC and TS were formulated only in the second half of 20~(th) Century. Outbreak of information on study of HC and TS in the former Soviet Union began at the end of the 1970s, beginning of the 1980s. This review covers more than 60 papers.