GIBE II TUNNEL PROJECT-ETHIOPIA: 40 BARS OF MUD ACTING ON THE TBM 'SPECIAL DESIGNS AND MEASURES IMPLEMENTED TO FACE ONE OF THE MOST DIFFICULT EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF TUNNELING'

摘要

In October 2006, a 7m Double Shield TBM, boring through very poor volcanic formations, was pushed back by fluid mud, which presence had not been detected during previous field investigations, due to the high covers characterizing the majority of the tunnel axis. The present work describes the investigations made to gain better knowledge of the conditions in front and all around the TBM, the special measures implemented, the exploratory and bypass tunnels excavated, the extraordinary occurrences came true during the execution of these tunnels, the drainage campaigns, the design of the chamber excavated to free the TBM, the dismounting and restarting of the TBM.