As the main theme of the Japanese national projects, the Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits Project was initiated in 1981 to develop the most significant basic technology which is indispensable to the establishment of electronics and related industries for the next generation. This project was completed in 1991. The research and development were advanced by the collaboration of Electrotechnical Laboratory and seven private companies. The outline and noteworthy results of the project will be described in the following section.
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