Immersion and battlefield visualization: rframe of reference effects on navigation tasks and cognitive tunneling

摘要

Army officers viewed a battle scenario in one of two computer-based display conditions. The Tethered condition was a 3-D exocentric display and the Immersed condition was a 3-D egocentric display, which allowed 360 deg panning, coupled with a small 2-D contour map of the entire battle area embedded in the top center of the screen. Tasks included providing verbal reports of new enemy units or changes to existing units, responding to a series of diagnostic questions, and giving confidence ratings for their selected answers.