In this paper, we present a systematic analysis of the dispersion characteristics of two-dimensionally periodic impedance surfaces. The method of mode matching is employed analyze the boundary-value problem rigorously in terms of the complete set of both TE- and TM-polarized plane waves in the uniform medium above the impedance surface. Numerical results are obtained extensively and are presented graphically in the form of a phase diagram, to explain various physical effects that are peculiar to the class of structures under consideration. More importantly, the unique characteristics of the slanted stopband of 2D periodic structures are investigated to develop useful criteria for practical design and to identify potential applications.
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