The Foundation of the Theory of Dark Energy: Einstein''s Cosmological Constant, Universe Mass-Energy Densities, Expansion of the Universe, a New Formulation of Newtonian Kepler''s Laws and the Ultimate Fate of the Universe

摘要

This paper presents a basis of the theory of universe dark energy, a solution of Einstein''s cosmological constant problem, physical interpretation of universe dark energy and Einstein''s cosmological constant Lambda (=0.29447脳10-52m-2), values of universe dark energy density (=1.2622脳10-26kg/m3=6.8023GeV), universe critical density (=1.8069脳10-26kg/m3=9.7378GeV), universe matter density (=0.54207脳10-26kg/m3=2.9213GeV), and universe radiation density (=2.7103脳10-31kg/m3=1.4558MeV). The interpretation in this paper is based on geometric modeling of space-time as a perfect four-dimensional continuum cosmic fluid and the momentum generated by the time. In such a modeling, time is considered to have a mechanical nature so that the momentum associated with it is equal to the negative of the universe total energy. It is found that dark energy is a property of the space-time itself. Moreover, based on the fluidic nature of dark energy, the fourth law of thermodynamics is proposed, a new formulation and physical interpretation of Kepler''s Three Laws are presented. Furthermore, based on the fact that what we are observing is just the history of our universe, on the Big Bang Theory, Einstein''s General Relativity, Hubble Parameter, the estimated age of the universe, cosmic inflation theory and on NASA''s observation of supernova 1a, then a second-order (parabolic) parametric model is obtained in this proposed paper to describe the accelerated expansion of the universe. This model shows that the universe is approaching the universe cosmic horizon line and will pass through a critical point that will influence significantly its fate.