This paper deals with the problem of formation flight control of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In close formation the wing UAV motion is affected by the vortex of the adjacent lead aircraft. In this paper, the vortex forces are treated as unknown functions. An adaptive control law is derived for the position control of the wing aircraft based on a backstepping design technique. In the closed-loop system, commanded separation trajectories are asymptotically tracked by each wing aircraft while the lead UAV is maneuvering. It is seen that an over parametrization in the design is essential for the decentralization of the control system. These results are applied to formation flight control of two UAVs and simulation results are obtained. These results show that the wing UAV follows precisely the reference separation trajectories in spite of the uncertainties in the aerodynamic coefficients, while the lead aircraft is maneuvering.
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