Fine Particle (PM2.5) and Preterm Birth from 7 Metropolitan Cities Study, Korea, 2015-2016

摘要

Particulate matter contributing to low birth weight and preterm birth are of great concern because of the well-known relation of birth weight to infant mortality and adverse effects in later life. We examined the associations between fine particle (PM2.5) during the pregnancy and low birth weight and preterm birth for a 2-year period (January 2015 to December 2016) in 7 metropolitan cities, Republic of Korea. We obtained birth certificates in the 7 metropolitan cities from the Korean National Birth. The associations were evaluated with a logistic regression adjusting for gestational age, maternal age, parity, birth month, and infant sex. We determined the first and third trimester (TR) periods and ascertained birth weight and most of the covariates included in this study. PM2.5 data were obtained from the Ministry of Environment. Of 406,243 births registered, we included 176,842 births which are in 7 metropolitan cities, 22-42 weeks, and 500-5000g in the final analysis. When we consider first TR and third TR period, respectively, the risk of pre-term (gestational age < 37 weeks) by 10 μg/m3 increase PM2.5 concentrations for first TR period was 1.066 (95% CI: 1.029-1.104) and for third TR period was 0.992 (95% CI: 0.953-1.034). However, we consider first TR and third TR period, the risk of pre-term (gestational age < 37 weeks) by 10 μg/m3 increase PM2.5 concentrations for first TR period was and for third TR period was 0.983 (95% CI: 0.943-1.025). When we entered concentrations of PM2.5 during the first and third TR of pregnancy together in the model, the relative risk of low birth weight for PM2.5 during the first TR of pregnancy remained constant (OR: 1.058, 95% CI: 1.020-1.097). However, in the third TR, the risks changed toward the null for all pollutants (OR: 0.983, 95% CI: 0.943-1.025). PM2.5 concentrations in the first TR of pregnancy period are risk factors for preterm birth. Keywords : PM2.5., low birth weight, preterm birth, 7 metropolitan cities, Korea