TRANSPORT ACROSS SINGLE AND SERIES ARRAYS OF MEMBRANES

摘要

The fluxes of water and solutes across membranes are expressed as functions of differences of the hydraulic and osmotic pressures at both sides. Such difference equations are deduced from more fundamental differential equations. The distributions of concentration and pressure in a series array of membranes are derived. The order in which the individual membranes are placed exerts a strong influence upon the effects of the applied differences of hydraulic and osmotic pressures. The effect of the interchange of two membranes in a series array of an arbitrary number of membranes can be summarized in four simple rules. The special case of reversal of the flow is also discussed.