Crossflow microfiltration of marble processing wastewaters

摘要

The wastewaters generated during the marble processing (cutting and grinding operations), the average flow rates of which are ca. 15 m~3/h for a plant producing 45 m~2 of polished marble/h, contain a high load of particulate matter. Furthermore, crushed stone operations sometimes use flotation agents, such as organic amines, fatty acids, and pine oils, in order to remove impurities from the marble. Therefore, the marble processing wastewaters should not be disposed directly into the environment without a suitable treatment in order to prevent negative impacts and comply with the national legislations currently in force. On the other hand, bearing in mind the severe water shortage in Mediterranean countries, which are intensive producers of carbonaceous rock and stone, it would be of utmost importance to recover and reuse the processing wastewaters generated in these plants. In this work, the treatment of marble processing wastewaters by microfiltration (MF) was investigated. Wastewaters from a marble processing plant located in Pero Pinheiro, Portugal, were characterised in terms of pH, conductivity, total solids (TS), and total suspended solids (TSS). A Micro Carbosep 60 module equipped with a mono-tubular mineral MF membrane, Carbosep M45 (nominal pore size = 0.45 μm, ID = 6 mm, L = 0.60 m), was tested at ambient temperature, natural effluent pH, a broad range of transmembrane pressures and crossflow velocities, and up to a 9-fold concentration. MF eliminated the suspended matter from marble wastewaters, allowing the treated water to be recycled into the process, whereas the concentrated stream (rich in particulate matter) can be used elsewhere, e.g. in the ceramic industry. The results from this work clearly show that MF is an efficient and ecologically suited environmental technology for decontamination and recycling of the wastewaters generated by marble processing plants, besides the environmental pollution abatement involved.