Efficiency analysis for the production of modern energy carriers from renewable resources and wastes

摘要

Two global problems related to the use of fossil fuels are fast depletion and environmental damage. Biomass has a great potential as a clean renewable feedstock for producing modern energy carriers such as biodiesel, methanol, and hydrogen. However, the use of biomass is accompanied by possible ecological drawbacks such as limitations of land or water and competition with food production. For biomass-based systems, a key challenge is thus to develop efficient conversion technologies. This paper presents the efficiency analysis based on the Second Law of Thermodynamics for production of energy carriers from biomass. It is shown that the exergetic efficiency of renewable energy carriers is lower than that for fossil fuels. The highest efficiency is achieved for hydrogen production from high quality feedstock that is comparable with fossil fuels.