In this paper a nonlinear PCNN model and an instantaneous stochastic gradient descent algorithm for dimension reduction of the high-dimensional dynamic system are described. A fault diagnosis method via an adaptive observer for the dimension-reduced system is proposed by using a linear residual signal, where an adaptive tuning rule is established that guarantees the monotonically decreasing of a selected Lyapunov function. Finally, The efficiency of the proposed approaches is illustrated through a simulation example and the encouraging results have been obtained.
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