STAGE CHARACTER OF GROWTH OF CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES DURING CARBONIZATION OF SILICATE SYSTEMS

摘要

At present, creation of different nanomaterials and development of new types of nanotechnologies are tasks of high-priority importance. Nanomaterials and nanostructural systems - it is a field of scientific searches and practical implementation of their results which allowed revealing another side of inexhaustible opportunities of natural phenomena and processes (Buchachenko A.L.2003, Tretyakov Yu. 2004, D., Lyakishev N.P. 2002). As a part of material sciences, chemical physics and physical chemistry are fundamental at developing methods of the synthesis of nanosystems of different structural forms and compositions which are characterized by new complex of properties and specific practical application, respectively.Different materials and techniques are used during synthesis, however, composition systems based on carbon and silicon are preferred because both carbon and silicon are basic elements at creating different polymer systems. Their common peculiarity is a presence of strongly developed surface and consequently, presence of increased level of free energy system. Natural desire of such systems to reducing energy leads to developing naturally occurring processes providing formation of new structures both inside particle and their space interaction between each other (Gibbs D.B. 1982), that finally defines specific character of the material. Properties of surface nanostructures and specific surface are main characteristics of adsorbents and catalysts. Analysis of microstructures elucidates many peculiarities of the properties of the composite substances being obtained and also kinetic aspects of their synthesis.One of the methods of nanomaterial creation is mechanochemical synthesis (MCS) when powders of different dispersity and structure of surface layers of particles are obtained as a result of intensive force action (Molchanov V.I. 1981). Change of environment and composition of the material being treated allows forming on the surface of the particle of different compounds of nanostructural scale and provides production of various by properties systems. Specific character of polymer structures on quartz surface is conditioned by the presence of metal atoms and by that quartz is a good piezoelectric. Electric polarization of particles during mechanical interaction promotes polarization of the surface. On the other hand, creation of closing resilient shell on the surface of the strained quartz particle allows fixing strained state, i.e. counteracts the process of relaxation and annihilation of defective structure. As a result of that obtained materials can exhibit simultaneously magnetic, dielectric or electric properties (Gibbs D.V. 1982, Gubin S.P. 1999, Saito R. 1998).