The impacts of Three Gorges on environment and ecological system attract worldwide attention. The environmental impact assessment of Three Gorges Project began from 1950s. Since then the environmental studies have been under way to improve comprehensive situation of the Three Gorges are and mitigate negative impact with certain measures. The assessment takes the Yangtze Basin as an integral system and divides it to sub-systems such as the reservoir area, the middle and lower reach region, the river mouth region. The impact focus on both the physical environment and the social one, such as local climate, water quality, sedimentation plant & animal, environmental benefits, landscape and cultural heritage and public health as well. According to the legislation of P. R. of China and international experience, comprehensive analysis have been used qualitatively or quantitatively. Furthermore, the mitigation measures have also been recommended in order to eliminate the possible negative impacts. Finally, the suggestion of ecological and environmental monitoring system has been raised. The main conclusion indicates that the positive impacts will be mainly in the middle and lower reach of the Yangtze, and negative impacts will concentrate on the reservoir area. Most of the negative impacts can be reduced by taking suitable countermeasures. The construction of Three Gorges Project will certainly improve the environmental condition of this area.
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