The cost and benefit of investment in the prevention and mitigation of natural disasters need to be assessed and measured before and after the capital input, for the pursuit of maximized benefit within minimized cots. Since quite a few mitigation projects failed to meet the needs of efficiency and effectiveness, causing a huge waste of resources, this paper aims to study on the cost and benefit analysis of two main elements in the process of natural disaster prevention and mitigation-the operation of the emergency response organization and the mitigation infrastructures, introducing the general and comprehensive methods of cost and benefit assessment to provide certain positive theoretical contribution to the investment decision-making of the emergency management.
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