Macroporous Mesh of Nanoporous Gold, a Universal Platform for Ultrasensitive Enzyme-Immobilized and Cell-based Bioelectrodes

摘要

Of late there has been an increasing demand for online monitoring of volatile biochemicals such asrnreactive oxygen species (ROS) released in extremely miniscule concentrations. ROS in general, andrnsuperoxides as the primary member of the group in particular, are known to exert contrastingrnphysiological and pathological effects depending on their release levels and rates [1]. Both the volatilityrnand the scarceness of these species necessitate the use of highly sensitive, selective, and rapidrnbiosensors to accurately measure the levels of extracellular superoxides and to distinguish theirrnconcertation-dependent effects without interfering with cellular metabolisms.