Method of constructing distributed hydrological model based on GIS and RS

摘要

Hydrological model is very significant for the runoff simulation and flood prediction. Compared with lump hydrological model, distributed hydrological model has more specific physical mechanisms which consider the spatial non-uniformity of hydrological parameters in the river basin. Because of its complex space-related parameters, DHM is not easy to be constructed in conventional ways. The method and technology to realize DHM in practice have become the major bottleneck that has been restricting DHM construction. This paper proposes a new method for the construction of DHM based on GIS and RS. According to the method, GIS is not only adopted to extract the subcatchment and drainage system in river basin from DEM, but also applied to divide the hydrological subunits and to manage the space-related parameters. Multi-source remotely sensed images are utilized to acquire the parameters of all hydrological subunits distributed in the river basin. Based on the integrated application of GIS and RS, hydrological spatial information grid which serves as the platform of DHM construction is proposed. It is concluded that the integrated application of GIS and RS provides a new modern method for the realization of DHM, and makes it possible to construct a hydrological model in practice with the real meaning of "distributed in the whole scale of river basin".