Aliasing, Confinement, and Ownership in Object-Oriented Programming

摘要

The power of objects lies in the flexibility of their interconnection structure. But this flexibility comes at a cost. Because an object can be modified via any alias, object-oriented programs axe hard to understand, maintain, and analyse. Aliasing makes objects depend on their environment in unpredictable ways, breaking the encapsulation necessary for reliable software components, thus making it difficult to reason about and optimise programs, obscuring the flow of information between objects, and introducing security problems. Aliasing is a fundamental difficulty, but we accept its presence. Instead we seek techniques for describing, reasoning about, restricting, analysing, and preventing the connections between objects and the flow of information between them.