Secure Quantum Bit Commitment Using Unstable Particles

摘要

Using unstable particles which decay by emitting a neutrino, we propose a quantum bit commitment protocol that is humanly impossible to break. Neutrinos carry away quantum information, but their interaction with matter is so weak that it would take an astronomicallysized machine just to catch them, not to mention performing controlled unitary operations on them. As a result quantum information is irretrievably lost, and cheating is not possible even if the participants had access to the most powerful possible quantum computers. Therefore, for all practical purposes, our protocol is as good as unconditionally secure.