Dictionary Matching and Indexing with Errors and Don't Cares

摘要

This paper considers various flavors of the following online problem: preprocess a text or collection of strings, so that given a query string p, all matches of p with the text can be reported quickly. In this paper we consider matches in which a bounded number of mismatches are allowed, or in which a bounded number of "don't care" characters are allowed. The specific problems we look at are: indexing, in which there is a single text t, and we seek locations where p matches a substring of t; dictionary queries, in which a collection of strings is given upfront, and we seek those strings which match p in their entirety; and dictionary matching, in which a collection of strings is given upfront, and we seek those substrings of a (long) p which match an original string in its entirety. These are all instances of an all-to-all matching problem, for which we provide a single solution. The performance bounds all have a similar character. For example, for the indexing problem with n = |t| and m = |p|, the query time for k substitutions is O(m + ((c_1 log n)~k)/(k!)) + # matches), with a data structure of size O(n((c_2 log n)~k)/(k!))) and a preprocessing time of O(n((c_2 log n)~k)/(k!))), where c_1, c_2 > 1 are constants. The deterministic preprocessing assumes a weakly nonuniform RAM model; this assumption is not needed if randomization is used in the preprocessing.