Abstract: The high precision mirror replication technology with electro-formed Nickel was substantially optimized within projects such as JET-X and XMM. Based on this experience demonstrated on several hundred mirror shells with optical surface areas up to 1.3 m$+2$/ a new ultra lightweight mirror technology has been developed, enabling the production of low cost, isotropic, precision meniscus like reflectors highlighting excellent optical performance. In principle, any reflector thickness (typically 200 mm) can be electro-formed with the desired curvature and surface characteristics which is close to the optical quality of the mandrel (master). Any spherical or flat shape, including even offset elliptical reflectors, can be produced. No honeycomb or alternative stiffening structure is envisaged since the objective is to achieve a lightweight, perfectly isotropic reflector. A specific bonding between reflector meniscus and supporting structure made from Nickel is provided which avoids the introduction of local internal stress concentrations due to the final quasi-monolithic configuration. This technology can cover mirror dimensions up to several meters for astronomical, spaceborne and ground based telescopes (e.g. FIRST primary mirror) and radio antennas in the (sub)millimeter wave length range.!3
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机译：摘要：在诸如JET-X和XMM之类的项目中，采用电铸镍的高精度镜面复制技术得到了实质性优化。根据在数百个光学表面积高达1.3 m $ + 2 $ /的镜壳上展示的经验，开发了一种新的超轻型镜技术，从而能够生产低成本，各向同性，精密弯月形的反射镜，从而突出了出色的光学性能。原则上，任何厚度的反射器（通常为200毫米）都可以采用所需的曲率和表面特性进行电铸成型，该特性与心轴（母模）的光学质量接近。可以生产任何球形或平面形状，甚至包括偏移的椭圆形反射镜。由于目的是获得轻质的，各向同性的反射器，因此没有设想蜂窝状或替代性的加强结构。在反射器弯月面和由镍制成的支撑结构之间提供了特定的结合，避免了由于最终的准整体构造而引入局部内部应力集中。对于天文望远镜，天基望远镜和地基望远镜（例如FIRST主镜）和（亚）毫米波长范围内的无线电天线，这项技术可以覆盖多达几米的镜子尺寸！3
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