Injecting oxygen directly into the blast furnace tuyere can improve the combustion of injected coal by creating a local zone of high oxygen concentration. Preheating the oxygen would also create a local high-temperature zone which could further improve coal combustion. The results of pilot-scale tests, comparing the performance of a fixed oxygen volume added to the blast as oxygen enrichment, ambient-temperature oxygen injection, and hot oxygen injection, are reported. Hot oxygen provides up to 20
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