Modern classification of thermodynamics in the current 21 st century

摘要

The nature of the second law of thermodynamics is the irreversibility of time for the development of macroscopic systems,i．e．，“arrow of time”．However，Carnot theorem did just emphasize“reversibility”．Such a paradox,as the root of puzzledom in thermodynamics for more than 180 years．should be removed by an extended Carnot theorem,which becomes a new starting point for modernization of thermodynamics dissipline．