A structural color coating based on Mie scattering of high-refractive index microspheres has the following components in parts by mass: 5 to 20 parts of nano microspheres having a highly uniform particle size and a theoretical refractive index greater than 1.7, 75 to 90 parts of dispersion liquid, 0.1 to 5 parts of a surfactant, and 1 to 5 parts of an adhesive. The structural color coating forms a local microcosmic ordered, macroscopic long-range disordered structural film by means of spraying coating, blade coating, brushing coating, roll coating or dip-coating; the matrix is glass, metal, textile, ceramic, plastic or paper; the surfactant is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, cetyl sodium sulfate, stearic acid, or sodium stearate; the nano microsphere is at least one of ZnS, ZnO, CdS, Cu2O, CaS, CuS, Cu2S, TiO2, ZrO2 or CeO2; the particle size of the nano microspheres ranges from 200 to 500 nm.
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