Microorganisms and methods for increasing cofactors

摘要

The present invention relates to 1,3-BDO, MMA, (3R)-hydroxybutyl (3R)-hydroxybutyrate, amino acid, 3HB-CoA, adipate, caprolactam, 6-ACA, HMDA or MAA, and any of these Provided is a microbial organism with increased availability of cofactors such as NADPH to increase production of various products, such as products made from them. Also provided are one or more exogenous nucleic acids, including one or more of ATP-NADH kinase, pntAB, nadK and gapN, encoding an enzyme expressed in an amount sufficient to increase the availability of NADPH. It also provides for one or more gene attenuation occurring in genes such as NDH-2, in which an increase in the ratio of NADPH/NADH is achieved. In addition, various combinations of exogenous nucleic acids and gene deletions are also provided in the present invention. The present invention also provides methods of cell culture and methods of making and using the same, including methods of producing a variety of products.