Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for generating embeddings of EEG measurements. One of the methods includes obtaining a two-dimensional time-frequency electroencephalogram (EEG) representation corresponding to one or more EEG signal measurements of a user; processing the time-frequency EEG representation using a first neural network having a plurality of first network parameters to generate an embedding of the time-frequency EEG representation, wherein the first neural network has been trained using transfer learning; and providing the embedding of the time-frequency EEG representation to a downstream neural network to generate a mental health prediction for the user.
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