The present invention provides a rehabilitation training system and rehabilitation training method which, by enhancing basic physical strength and at the same time, performing cognitive rehabilitation, can more systemically and effectively perform the rehabilitation training of patients with movement disorders and cognitive disorders. To this end, the present invention relates to a rehabilitation training system and a rehabilitation training method using same, the system comprising: a lower limb exercise unit having a rotating body which rotates in cooperation with the feet of a user, a driving unit for rotating the rotating body, a load-applying part for applying a load to the rotating body, a speed-sensing unit for sensing the rotational speed of the rotating body, and a load-sensing unit for sensing the load of the rotating body; a cognitive rehabilitation exercise unit having a display unit for displaying a cognitive rehabilitation quiz according to a cognitive rehabilitation program stored in advance, and an input unit for receiving an input of an answer to the cognitive rehabilitation quiz displayed on the display unit; a main control unit having a lower limb exercise control unit for controlling the lower limb exercise unit according to a preset lower limb exercise mode, a cognitive rehabilitation exercise control unit for controlling the cognitive rehabilitation exercise unit according to a preset cognitive rehabilitation exercise mode, and a storage unit for storing lower limb exercise history information received from the lower limb exercise control unit and cognitive rehabilitation exercise history information received from the cognitive rehabilitation exercise control unit; and a central management unit for outputting and managing the lower limb exercise history information and the cognitive rehabilitation exercise history information that are stored in the storage unit.
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