The present disclosure provides an improved methodology for constructing and querying a shallow discourse stack. Multiple shallow discourse stacks may be generated and queried, such as using a separate discourse stack for each semantic type. In an example, various discourse stacks may be used for semantic types associated with clinical concept identification and medical code extraction from medical records. The use of a shallow discourse stack may include identifying a concept of a specific semantic type as needed to resolve an under-specified complex concept, and the shallow discourse stack may be queried using the specific semantic type to resolve the under-specified complex concept. The formation and querying of the shallow discourse stack may be repeated throughout the document until all complex concepts are resolved.
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