Disclosed are a nearest neighbour search method, an encoder, a decoder and a storage medium. The method comprises: acquiring a Morton code set of point cloud data to be searched; according to the Morton code set and a first distance threshold value, layering the point cloud data to obtain current-layer data; shifting, by a first preset number of bits, to the right a Morton code bit of prediction data corresponding to the current-layer data in the point cloud data, so as to obtain a corresponding first parent node set; according to a Morton code of the current-layer data, determining a neighbour area in the first parent node set, and determining, within the neighbour area, a nearest neighbour point set of the current-layer data; and if the neighbour area is not determined, determining a search point of the current-layer data according to a second node set, and performing searching within a first preset search range corresponding to the search point to determine the nearest neighbour point set, wherein the second node set is a corresponding prediction data set in the current-layer data in the point cloud data.
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