Disclosed in the present application are a rotor unmanned aerial vehicle system for vehicle detection and tracking, and a detection and tracking method. The system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle platform and a ground station platform, and the unmanned aerial vehicle platform is used for calculating and detecting a tracking target in real time; the ground station platform is used for carrying out tracking and video monitoring on the target and issuing a manual flight control instruction to the unmanned aerial vehicle platform. The present invention further provides a detection and tracking method based on a rotor unmanned aerial vehicle system. The present invention adopts an unmanned aerial vehicle end-side calculation scheme, so that the timeliness of the system is effectively improved; a YOLO Nano target detection algorithm is adopted, so that the operation pressure of an airborne computer is remarkably reduced; by using a Staple tracking algorithm having higher robustness and a target re-detection module, the tracking precision is improved, and the re-detection algorithm is automatically started to re-search a target when the target is shielded or lost in real-time tracking.
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