Provided is a recombinant viral vector mVSV of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) M protein. The recombinant viral vector includes mutant virus strains obtained by the mutation of three sites M51F, F110A and I225L of the M protein of a wild Indiana strain VSV. Further provided is a novel coronavirus pneumonia vaccine formed by the chimerization of a mVSV virus vector or fusion of a mVSV virus vector with a receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein S of SARS-CoV-2 pathogens.
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