The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), comprising a thrombin-treated stem cell or an exosome derived therefrom as an active ingredient, and a method for producing the same. According to the present invention, the thrombin-treated stem cell or the exosome derived therefrom has an increased expression of growth factors, immunoregulatory factors, antioxidation factors, or regeneration factors compared to a group not treated with thrombin and also enhances a neuronal apoptosis inhibitory effect, and thus has an advantage in that the therapeutic effect thereof on neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is excellent.
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