The present invention provides methods to engineer enzymes for their integration into a molecular nanowire as a functional component for biopolymer sequencing/identification. The enzymes include but are not limited to DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, DNA helicase, DNA ligase, DNA exonuclease, reverse transcriptase, RNA primase, ribosome, sucrase, or lactase, which are either natural, mutated, or synthesized.
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