A long-afterglow luminescent styrene polymer microsphere, comprising: A) at least one light absorbing agent, B) at least one luminescent agent, C) at least one photochemical buffer agent of formula (I): (I) and D) a carrier medium for adsorbing components A) to C), the carrier medium being the styrene polymer microsphere, wherein the light absorbing agent and the luminescent agent are compounds of different structures, and the total content of the components A) to C) is 0.1-30% of the total mass of the components A) to D), preferably 0.2-25%, more preferably 0.5-20%, and most preferably 1-15%. The styrene polymer microsphere is especially suitable for immunochromatography assay. In addition, also provided are a test paper for immunochromatography assay, a probe and a detection method.
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