High energy/power density, long cycle life, safe lithium-ion battery capable of long-term deep discharge/storage near zero volt and method of making and using the same

摘要

A high energy/power density, long cycle life and safe lithium ion cell capable of long-term deep discharge/storage near zero-volt is described. The cell utilizes a near zero-volt storage capable anode, such as a spinel Li₄Ti₅O₁₂, coupled to a high voltage, high-energy and/or high-power density cathode, such as LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄. The near zero-volt storage cell is rechargeable and affords safety advantages for battery transportation, storage, and handling, and significant cost reductions for cell maintenance. The cells produce high-energy and/or high-power densities and long cycle life. The cell anode, cathode, and separator active materials are coated with one or more protection or stability enhancing and/or conductivity enhancing materials to enhance electrochemical performance and to strengthen stabilities for long-term cycle life and storage life.