The invention is in the field of medical treatments. It provides means and methods for treating acute or sub-acute brain injury due to asphyxia in newborns. It has now been found that hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy may effectively be treated by administering a composition comprising Annexin A1 to a subject in need of such a treatment. The invention therefore relates to a treatment for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in newborns by administering a composition comprising Annexin A1 to a preterm born newborn.
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