Methods, processes, and systems for predicting a subject's disease complications and/or response to therapy are described herein. The methods generally comprise genotyping or receiving genotyping information from the subject at a plurality of risk alleles associated with the disease and at a plurality of ancestry-informative markers. The genotyping information is used to generate a polygenic risk score (PRS) by weighting the number of risk alleles by the effect size of their association (weighted genetic risk score or wGRS), combined with a geo -ethnic principal component (PC) determined from the subject's genotype at said ancestry-informative markers. The PRS enables better prediction of the subject's disease complications and/or response to therapy, as compared to a corresponding PRS generated lacking the geo- ethnic principal component. Computer-implemented methods and processes are also described herein.
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