Provided is a method for modifying a downstream artificial wetland device coupled cluster-type microbial fuel cell, comprising the steps of: inserting an outer sleeve (2) after digging a hole at a target location to take a core; inserting an inner sleeve (1) having an inlet pipe (3) into the outer sleeve (2); a microbial fuel cell unit is arranged in the inner sleeve (1); the microbial fuel cell unit in each inner sleeve (1) form a cluster-type microbial fuel cell; the top end of each inner sleeve (1) is connected to a water distribution flow-guiding groove (6), and planting water-purifying plants on the top of each inner sleeve (1). If the output voltage of the microbial fuel cell is abnormal, or if there is no water overflow at the top of the inner sleeve (1), then the corresponding inner sleeve (1) is taken out of the outer sleeve (2), and after rinsing or complete replacement, is placed back into the outer sleeve (2). The present method has the advantages of less damage to the wetland system, simple construction and operation, etc., and is conducive to solving the problem of system congestion, strengthening the purification efficiency of the system, and can achieve the purpose of extending the service life of wetlands, accomplishing modification and upgrade of the existing downstream artificial wetland system.
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